Saturday, 1 October 2022

Benefits of Early Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV Infection

 It is important to start antiretroviral (ARVs) early because Starting antiretroviral(ARVS) therapy early in HIV-infected people prevents AIDS-related and non-AIDS-related diseases.


  Example of HIV related diseases according HIV stages

Stage 1
persistent generalized lymphadenopathy 

Stage 2
Unexplained weight loss of less than 10 percent of total body weight
 
Recurrent respiratory infections (such as sinusitis, bronchitis, otitis media, and pharyngitis.

Dermatological conditions including herpes zoster flares, angular cheilitis, recurrent oral ulcerations, papular pruritic eruptions, seborrhoeic dermatitis, and fungal nail infections

Stage 3

Weight loss of greater than 10 percent of total body weight.

Prolonged (more than 1 month) unexplained diarrhea.

Pulmonary tuberculosis, and severe systemic bacterial infections including pneumonia, pyelonephritis, empyema, pyomyositis, meningitis, bone and joint infections, and bacteremia.

Mucocutaneous conditions, including recurrent oral candidiasis, oral hairy leukoplakia, and acute necrotizing ulcerative stomatitis, gingivitis, or periodontitis.


Stage 4

HIV wasting syndrome.

Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP).

Recurrent severe or radiological bacterial pneumonia
 
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis
 
HIV encephalopathy
 
CNS toxoplasmosis

chronic (more than 1 month) or orolabial herpes simplex infection, esophageal candidiasis
 
Kaposi’s sarcoma
 
Cytomegaloviral (CMV) infections (CMV retinitis or infection of organs other than the liver, spleen or lymph nodes)
 
Extrapulmonary cryptococcosis
 
Disseminated endemic mycoses (e.g., coccidiomycosis, penicilliosis, histoplasmosis)
 
Cryptosporidiosis

Isosporiasis 

Disseminated non-tuberculous mycobacteria infection, 

Tracheal, bronchial or pulmonary candida infection,
 
Visceral herpes simplex infection

Acquired HIV-associated rectal fistula
 
Cerebral or B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma
 
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)
HIV-associated cardiomyopathy or nephropathy

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